Resources
Guidance on issuing and verifying certificates
Practical, sourced guidance for the institutions that grant certificates, the organisations that verify them and the graduates who hold them.

A certificate carries weight only to the extent that its recipient's claims can be confirmed. These guides address both sides of that exchange: how a school, academy or training centre issues certificates that remain verifiable for years, and how an employer, an admissions office or a graduate confirms one today.
Each guide cites the legislation, standards and official services on which it relies, so that every statement can be traced to its source.
Issuing certificates
For school directors, registrars and training coordinators: how to issue verifiable certificates, what each certificate should state, and how long to retain the records that support it.
Core guide
How to issue verifiable digital certificates, step by step
A step-by-step guide for schools and training centres: define the award, design the template, sign, deliver, publish verification and handle corrections.
Designing a professional certificate: a checklist of elements
The elements a professional certificate requires, from issuer and award to signatures, a unique reference and a QR link, with layout guidance.
What cum laude, magna cum laude and summa cum laude mean
What cum laude, magna cum laude and summa cum laude mean, how universities award them, how they differ from UK degree classes, and how to print them.
Accessible digital certificates: a practical checklist
How to make certificates, PDFs and verification pages accessible: WCAG 2.2 contrast, alt text, tagged PDFs, and the EU and US rules that apply to schools.
How long should an institution keep its certificate records?
How long to keep certificate and academic records: AACRAO's permanent-retention guidance, what FERPA and the GDPR require, and a practical schedule.
How to issue certificates in bulk from a spreadsheet
How to issue a whole class of certificates from one CSV file: the columns, the encoding, what is checked before anything is granted.
A misspelt name on a certificate: correct and reissue, never edit
Why an issued certificate is not edited, how a correction replaces it, what the old link then shows and when a withdrawal should be reversed.
Certificate serial numbers and codes: how to number what you issue
What a certificate number or serial code is, an example format, how it differs from a verification code and what to keep out of it.
Certificate of completion, attendance or diploma: which one to issue
The difference between certificates of attendance, participation and completion and a diploma, what each should say, with sample wording.
A lost certificate: duplicate, reissue or send the link again
What to do when a graduate loses a certificate: when resending the link is enough, when a reissue is needed and how to avoid two versions.
Verification and fraud
For HR departments, admissions offices and other relying parties: how to confirm that a diploma is genuine, how forgeries are produced, and what a digital signature does and does not establish.
Core guide
How to verify that a diploma or certificate is authentic
A verification procedure for HR and admissions: confirm the institution, check with the issuer or a national register, and assess verification links.
Certificate fraud: how fraudulent credentials arise and how to prevent them
How fraudulent diplomas are made, the warning signs regulators identify, a documented case, and the measures employers and institutions can take.
Digital signatures on certificates: what they establish and what makes them valid
What a digital signature on a certificate establishes, how eIDAS, ESIGN and Latin American law treat electronic signatures, and why Ed25519 is used.
How to verify a certificate from its QR code
How to check a certificate from its QR code: what the page must show, what a QR code proves and what to do when scanning fails.
Is an online course certificate valid? What it proves and what it does not
What an online course certificate can and cannot prove, how it differs from an accredited qualification and what employers should check.
Digital credentials and where they go
For graduates and the offices that support them: what a verifiable credential is, how it differs from a PDF certificate, and how to present one to employers.
Core guide
PDF certificates vs verifiable credentials and Open Badges
PDF certificates, Open Badges 3.0 and W3C Verifiable Credentials compared: what each proves, who can verify it, how revocation works and which to issue.
How to add a certificate to LinkedIn so that it can be verified
Adding a certificate to LinkedIn: the Licenses & certifications section, the Add to Profile button, Featured media limits and the verification link.
Should a certificate expire? Validity periods and renewal
When a certificate should carry an expiry date and when not, how it is shown to a verifier, what renewal involves and how it is recorded.